Origin, social status, secular profession and early christian period of Cyprian of Carthage
https://doi.org/10.17721/1728-2640.2025.160.2
Keywords:
Society of the Ancient World, ancient Greco-Roman civilization and the Middle Ages, Christianity , early Christianity, Roman Empire , Carthage , Cyprian of Carthage , Patrology , Church historyAbstract
Background . Cyprian, Bishop of Carthage (248/249–258 A. D.), is one of the most important Fathers of the early Church. His episcopate coincided with two major persecutions: those of the emperors Decius Trajan and Valerian. Cyprian's activities contributed significantly to
strengthening the status of the bishop as the head of the Christian community, as well as to increasing the authority of the African Church and the city Carthage as a major episcopal center in the region. More than a dozen treatises and a large number of letters written by Cyprian serve as important sources for studying the socio-cultural, ecclesiological, and theological aspects of the third-century Church. Cyprian was a highly educated,
controversial figure who inspired both admiration and strong opposition among his contemporaries.
This article aim is to investigate the person of Cyprian of Carthage by analyzing the available source –specifically, his origins, social and economic status, and secular profession prior to his conversion to Christianity. It also explores the context of his baptism and his rapid election as bishop.
Methods . The study employs a prosopographical analysis of the figure of Cyprian of Carthage, based on a range of sources that mention his social status and profession. A textual analysis is also conducted of Cyprian's own treatises that describe his conversion to Christianity. The author provides translations of selected excerpts from the original Latin texts and cites them in both Latin and Ukrainian for greater contextual clarity. A
historical-systemic method is used to reconstruct the early ecclesiastical career of Cyprian.
Results. The article establishes the time and place of birth, as well as the origins, of Cyprian of Carthage. Based on the available sources, it attempts to reconstruct his profession and identifies the motivation behind his conversion to Christianity. In contrast to the dominant and traditional position in historiography – namely, that approximately three years elapsed between Cyprian’s baptism and his election as bishop – the author argues that the ascent to the episcopate occurred significantly faster, and was therefore extraordinary in the history of the early Church.
Conclusions. Cyprian of Carthage was born in the early third century AD in Carthage. He owned a suburban estate and considerable wealth, inherited from an affluent family. He also received a sound rhetorical education. Cyprian belonged to the leading circles of the local nobility, worked as a magister of rhetoric, and, in all likelihood, practiced as an advocate. Following a period of mental crisis and loss of worldview orientation,
he encountered Christian doctrine and was baptized in the 240s AD. Under the spiritual guidance of the presbyter Caecilius, Cyprian rapidly familiarized himself with the texts of Holy Scripture. At the early stage of his integration into the Church community, he gave generous alms and distributed his property to the needy. Subsequently, this property was returned to his use by the congregation. Considering his aristocratic status, rapid spiritual growth, education, charitable works, and religious zeal, the Christian community, after a brief period, elected Cyprian as bishop of
Carthage in 248/249 AD.
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